Computer Hardware Test Interview VIVA

Q1. Define Hardware. What are different types of hardware?

The physical parts of a computer are called hardware. Hardware can be touched or seen by us. Different types of hardware components are as follows:

• Input devices (keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera etc.)
• The Central Processing unit (CPU/Processor)
• Output devices (monitor, printer, plotter, speaker, data projector etc.)
• Memory chips (RAM, ROM etc.)
• Storage devices (hard disk, Floppy disk, CD, DVD etc.)

Q2. Define Input devices.

INPUT DEVICES:Input devices are used to enter data and instructions into computer memory from external world. Examples include: Keyboard, Mouse, Track ball, Track Pad, Joy stick, Touch Screen, Light pen, Touch Screen, Scanner, Digital Camera, Microphone,

Q3. Define Output device.

Output devices:Out put devices are used to display results of processing to the user. They perform the following functions: Examples include: Monitor, printer, plotter, speaker

Printers

Printers are used to produce hard copy out put. They print processing results on paper. Printers are divided into two main categories:

• Impact Printers
• Non Impact printers

Impact Printers.

These printers print with striking of hammers or pins on ribbon. For example Dot Matrix printer and daisy wheel printers are impact printers.

Non-Impact Printers.

These printers do not use striking mechanism for printing. They use electrostatic and laser technology. Quality and speed of these printers is better than Impact printers. For example Laser printer and Inkjet printers are non-impact printers.

Q4. Explain parts and working of Central processing unit CPU.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

Central processing unit is the brain of computer. It is also called CPU or processor. Processor is used to process data according to given instructions.

1.            ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU):ALU performs data processing according to given instructions. All computations are done in this unit. ARITHMETIC SECTION of ALU performs arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division on data. LOGIC SECTION of ALU performs logical operations like comparison between two values.

2.            CONTROL UNIT:Control unit controls all over operations of different parts of computer. For example it takes data and instructions from input unit and stores it into memory. It sends data to ALU for processing.

3.            REGISTERS:A register is a small and temporary memory area in CPU. It holds instruction and data as long as it is being processed. CPU contains a number of registers for example AX, BX, CX, DX etc. A Register may be of 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits or more.

Q5. Explain RAM and its types.

Ram stands for random Access Memory. Data in RAM can be accessed directly.. RAM is volatile. Data and programs in RAM are erased when computer is turned off. Therefore RAM is a temporary memory. Ram is also called Primary Memory or Main Memory.

Types of Ram: There are two main types of Ram.

Dynamic Ram (DRAM):Dynamic ram needs to be refreshed frequently. Dram is recharged many times in a second. Therefore, it is slower than SRAM.

Static Ram (SRAM):Static Ram does not need to be refreshed. It is more expensive and faster than DRAM.

Q6. Explain ROM and its types.

ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is a memory chip fixed on Motherboard. Instructions on RAM can only be read and cannot be changed. The instructions in ROM are written at the time of manufacturing.

PROM:PROM stands for Programmable Read Only Memory. Instructions can be stored in PROM only once. Then it becomes ROM and we cannot change instructions in it.

EPROM:EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. Program instructions written on EPROM can be erased and changed.

EEPROM:EPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. Program instructions written on EEPROM can be erased with the help of electricity and rewritten.

Q7. Write down notes on the following:

1. Flash Memory            2.            USB Flash Drive 3. Cache memory            4. CMOS

1.         Flash Memory

Flash memory is a form of EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory). It is a form of rewritable memory chip that holds its contents without the need of a power supply. The memory is commonly used in memory cards, USB flash drives, MP3 players, digital cameras and mobile phones.

2.         USB Flash Drive memory

A USB flash drive is a flash memory integrated with a USB 1.1 or 2.0 interface. It is used as a small, lightweight, removable and rewritable data storage device.

3.         Cache Memory:A Cache (pronounced “cash”) memory is a small and very fast memory. It is used to speed up the transfer of data and instructions.

4.         CMOS memory:CMOS stands for Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. It stores configuration information of computer. It is a battery-backed memory chip. It stores the information about disk drives, keyboard, mouse, monitor, current date and time, and other start up information.

Q8. Define storage devices. Explain different types of storage devices.

Storage devices are used to store data and instructions permanently. Storage devices are also called secondary storage devices / backing storage devices / external storage devices or auxiliary storage devices. Secondary storage devices are used because:

Primary/main/internal memory/RAM is volatile and temporary. When computer is switched off, all data in ram is erased.

Storage devices can store large amounts of data and instructions permanently

There are three main types of storage devices:

1. Magnetic Tape    2. Magnetic Disk            3. Optical Disk

1.            Magnetic Tape

Magnetic tape is the oldest storage device. It is made of plastic coated with magnetic material. Data is stored on magnetic tape in the form of magnetic spots.

2.            Magnetic Disk

A magnetic disk is a thin circular metal or plastic disk coated with magnetic material. Data is stored in the form of magnetic spots. Magnetic disk is random access device. It is faster than magnetic tape. There are three main types of magnetic disk:

a. Hard Disk            b. Floppy Disk            c. Zip Disk

a. Hard Disk

The hard disk is also called fixed disk. It consists of one or more metal plates. The plates are fixed in the drive.

Following are major characteristics of hard disk:

•             The storage capacity of hard disk is much greater than floppy disk.

b.  Floppy Disk

Floppy disk is also called diskette. It is a small plastic plate coated with magnetic material. Data is stored in magnetic spots. Main advantage of floppy disk is that it is used to transfer data from one computer to another. Floppy disk is available in two sizes:

• 3 ½ INCH Floppy Disk:Storage capacity of micro floppy is 1.44 MB.
• 5¼ Inch floppy disk.:It is a 5¼ inch diameter plastic plate coated with magnetic material. Its storage capacity is 1.2 MB.

c.         Zip Disk

Zip disk is similar to 3 ½ inch floppy disk. But it can store 100 MB data. Zip disk drive is used to read and write data on a zip disk.                                                                            

3. Optical Disk

LASER technology is used to read and write data on Optical disk. LASER stands for Light Amplification through Emission of Radiation. Laser beam writes on the surface of optical disk by creating very small holes. The presence of hole represents a One and absence of the hole represents a Zero. There are following main types of optical disk.

·         CD-ROM,    DVD,  Rewrite-able optical disk

 CD-ROM:CD-ROM stands for Compact Disk-Read Only Memory. The data stored on Cd-Rom can only be read. It cannot be deleted or changed.

• DVD - Digital Video Disk

DVD stands for digital Video Disk. It is similar to CD-ROM. It can store up to 17 GB data.

• Rewrite-able Optical Disks

Rewrite-able optical disk is used to read and write data on the disk. We can not only read data but also change data on disk. Rewriteable optical disks include CD-RW that is CD Rewritable and DVD-RW that is DVD Rewriteable.

Q9. What are commonly used units of measuring storage?

Units of measurement of storage

Bit:Bit is a short for Binary Digit. 0 and 1 are the only binary digits. A bit can hold a 0 or 1.

Byte:A combination of 8 bits is called a Byte.

1 Byte = 8 bits     , 1 KB = 1024 Bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB , 1 TB = 1024 GB

Q10.What are Dual Devices? OR What are dual-purpose devices?

The devices that can perform both functions of input and output are called dual devices. For example Hard disk drive, Floppy disk Drive, Magnetic Tape Drive, CD-Writer, Touch screen Monitor etc. These are also called Input/output devices, because they perform both functions.

Introduction To Computer VIVA

Q1. Define computer, explain characteristics of a computer.

Computer is an electronic machine that takes data and instructions, processes data according to the given instructions, gives results and stores them.

Characteristics of Computer :

 1. Speed 2. Storage 3. Processing 4. Accuracy 5. Recalling

6. Communication 7. Versatile 7. No Feelings 9. No Intelligence

Q2. Explain uses of computer in different fields of life. OR Explain Impacts of Computer Technology on Society.

1. Uses of Computer at Home

2. Uses of Computer in Education

3.  Uses of Computer in Industry

4. Uses of Computer in Business

5. Uses of Computer in Medical Field

Q3. Write down a note on types of computer.

Types of Computer

Computers can be divided into the following types on the basis of their working:

1. Analog Computers

Analog computer is used to measure continuous values. It measures a physical property like voltage, pressure, speed and temperature Analog computer is mainly used in the field of engineering and medicine. Examples              Analog clock ,            Speedometer.,            Thermometer

2. Digital Computers

A digital computer works with digital data. Digital computer uses binary number system. Binary number system consists of only two digits 0 and 1. Today most of the computers used in offices and homes are Digital computers.  Examples:  Personal Computer-(PC),Digital Score board ,Digital watch

3. Hybrid Computers

A hybrid computer is a combination of both analog and digital computer. Examples:

• Hybrid computer devices may calculate patient's heart function, temperature and blood pressure etc. This calculation may be converted into numbers and shown in digital form.
• Hybrid computers are also used in spaceships and missile system.

Q4. Differentiate between Analog and Digital Computers

The difference between analog and digital computers is as follows:

Analog Computers		Digital Computers
1	Works on continuous values.	1	Works on discrete values.
2	Low memory.	2	Big memory.
3	Slow speed.	3	Fast speed.

Q5. Write a note on “Classification of Computers”

Classification of Computers

Computers are classified on the basis of size, speed and price as under:

1. Micro Computers

Micro computer is also called personal computer. It was introduced in 1970. It is used by one person at a time. Examples of personal computers are PC and Apple Macintosh.

2. Mini Computers

Mini computers were introduced in the 1960s. Mini computer is larger and more powerful computer than personal computer. Mini computer can serve up to 4000 connected users simultaneously. Examples of mini computers are:

•     VAX-8800     •     AS 400.

3. Mainframe Computers

Mainframe computers were introduced in 1975. A mainframe computer is a very large computer in size. It is more powerful than mini computer. Examples of mainframe computers are

•     NEC 610    •     DEC 10

 4. Super Computers

Super computers were introduced in 1980s. Super computer is the fastest computer. Super computer is the biggest in size and the most expensive in price than any other computers. Examples of super computers are CRAY-XP, ETA-10, and Deep Blue.

Q9.Explain the basic components/parts of a computer    OR  Explain the basic computer organization

There are the following main basic parts of the computer:

1. Input Unit   (To enter data and instructions)
2. Output Unit   (To display processing results)
3. Central Processing Unit( CPU / Processor)   (to process data and control operations and components of computer)
4. Memory Unit   (to store data for processing)
5. Storage Unit   (to store large amounts of data permanently)

About Antivirus Avira

Is there an antivirus that we can get it for free? There. This antivirus called Avira. You can view the profile at the official website of this antivirus www.avira.com or to the free version of the site www.free-av.com. Avira Antivir Personal Free Antivirus has several advantages compared to AVG.

The installation file is quite small, only about 24 MB. This size is smaller than the AVG Free Edition is a capacity of less than 32 MB. In fact, AVG version 8 size 47 MB​​. In addition, the scan for viruses, Avira detects more viruses than AVG presence.

However, there are some weaknesses that are owned by Avira, the ataranya error detecting viruses with another software application files. It is a little force you as a user to decide, whether the file is detected by Avira as a dangerous computer virus or not.

You can adjust the strength of the Avira virus detection in the menu "Configuration". Still, that's what makes antivirus with umbrella icon is more reliable in detecting new virus variants. If you are still curious, you can try downloading this and put an antivirus in your computer.

The process of Download and Update Avira
You can follow the steps as follows.

- Connect your computer to a site www.free-av.com and download Avira free version on the site.

- Save the setup file with exe extension on your computer, then run the installation process. You need to remember, Avira can be downloaded in various languages​​, use the file with the easiest language you understand.

- Online update process: after the installation process is completed, open your Avira yours. After the display appears "Avira Antivir Personal", click "Start update" to download the most recent virus database. After the update process is complete, click the icon "Local Protection" on the left display. Then select the "Scanner", run the scan program with the goal that can drive you specify.

- Offline update process or manually update: if you do not have internet connection in your home, you can download the update files in a nearby cafe. Condition, you must bring flasdisk with the remaining capacity of at least 15 M. Why is that? File updates provided by Avira is only one and the smallest file size 15 M. Until now there has been no option to get updated with the file size smaller.

To update the database file, go to www.free-av.com, click "support" forwarded by clicking the "VDF update". You can download the latest update file on this page. The update process is similar to an online process. You will be taken automatically by the program Avira to "browse" the update file to your manual.

- When you find the file or quarantine the virus Avira is very much the range of hundreds to thousands, then the loading process to get to the menu "Quarantine" will be very slow, which ultimately affects the loading speed of your computer.

So, one way to restore the performance of your Avira is to remove the virus list. You can do this by going to the quarantine folder Avira (default) the following:

C: Documents and SettingsAll UsersApplication DataAntiVir ClassicINFECTED PersonalEdition

Then, delete the names of the files in it manually. Avira then you will be back as usual.

Important Objective Type Questions 101-155

101. MMC stands for multimedia card.
102. SD stands for secure digital card.
103. System Bus  is used to connect main components of a computer such as cpu and main memory.
104. A Port is an interface or a point of attachments.
105. POS stands for Point Of Sale terminal.
106. ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine.
107. PIN stands for Personal identification number.
108. Kbps stands for kilobits per second.
109. Mbps stands for megabits per second.
110. A port that transmits one bit at a time is called Serial Port.
111. A type of port that transmits many bits at a time is called Parallel Port.
112. LPT stands for Line Printer.
113. Examples of system software are Operating System, Utility Programs and Device Drivers.
114. Examples of operating systems are DOS, Windows, Unix and Linux.
115. Examples of Utility programs are File Manager, Image Viewer, Disk Scanner and File Compressor.
116. Software used to detect and remove viruses is called Antivirus.
117. Examples of antivirus programs are Mcaffee, Avast, Symantec, Norton, AVG and Avira antivirus.
118. Name of two free antivirus programs are Avast and Avira.
119. Instructions of Machine language are written in binary form.
120. Assembly language is a low level language.
121. Names of high level languages are C, C++, Java, BASIC and COBOL.
122. SQL stands for structured query language.
123. A Compiler translates the instructions of high level language into machine language as a whole.
124. A program written in high level language is called source code.
125. A program in machine language is called object program or object code.
126. Every computer that is a part of a network is called a terminal or node.
127. A server computer works a s a central computer in a network.
128. The main types of computer network are: LAN, MAN and WAN.
129. HUB is also called concentrator.
130. HUB is also called multistation access unit  or MAU.
131. NIC stands for Network Interface Card.
132. Network interface card is also called a LAN CARD or LAN adapter.
133. Names of three network topologies are Star, Tree and BUS.
134. In a mesh topology, every device is connected directly to all other devices in network.
135. In Simplex mode, data can flow only in one direction.
136. In Half-duplex Mode data can flow in both direction but not at the same time.
137. In full duplex mode data can flow in both directions at the same time.
138. Modem is a device that converts digital signals into analog and analog signals into digital.
139. Modulation is the process of converting digital signal into analog signal.
140. Demodulation is the process of converting analog signal into digital signal.
141. Data is the collection of raw facts and figures.
142. Processed data is called information.
143. GUI stands for graphical user interface.
144. Loading and executing multiple programs at the same time is called Multitasking.
145. Supporting the use of multiple processors is called Multiprocessing.
146. ARPANET stands for Advance Research Project Agency.
147. PROTOCOL is the collection of rules.
148. DARPA stands for Defense Advance Research Project Agency.
149. DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line.
150. ISDN stands for Integrated Services digital network.
151. IRC stands for Internet Relay Chat.
152. IM stands for instant messaging.
153. Domain name is the unique name given to a website.
154. If different parts of same image are linked with different web pages, it is called image map.
155. A web server is a computer that is used to store information for users on the internet.

1. Important
objective type questions 1-50

2. Important
Objective Type Questions 51-100

3. Important
Objective Type Questions 101-155

Important Objective Type Questions 51-100

51. (70)10 = (1000110). [ divide 70 by 2 repeatedly until quotient is zero, write down remainders from bottom to top.]
52. NTFS is abbreviation for new technology file system     .
53. USB stands for Universal serial Bus.
54. AGP stands for Accelerated graphical port.
55. Roman number system is an example of non-positional number system.
56. PPP stands for point-to-point protocol.
57. SCSI is pronounced as Small computer system interface.
58. MS Excel is an example of Applications software.
59. Windows is an example of          system           software.
60. WAN as a network stands for    wide area network.
61. DNS stands for Domain name server.
62. CPS stands for   Character per second.
63. BIOS stands for   Basic input-output system.
64. LCD stands for Liquid crystal display     .
65. POST stands for   ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_Power  ON Self Test
66. How many rows are in MS Excel _65536.
67. Modem stands for Modulator and demodulator.
68. CPM stands for Character per minute
69. ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator.
70. EDVAC stands for Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic calculator.
71. UNIVAC Stands for Universal Automatic Computer.
72. IBM stands for International Business Machines.
73. A Hybrid computer is a combination of both analog and digital computer.
74. Speedo meter is an example of analog computer.
75. Micro computer or personal computer was introduced in 1970.
76. PDA stands for Personal Digital Assistant.
77. Super computer is used for weather prediction.
78. Abacus was first computing device developed 5000 years ago.
79. Mouse and keyboard are input devices.
80. Monitor and Printer are two output devices.
81. PROM stands for Programmable Read only Memory
82. EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
83. EEPROM stands for Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
84. SRAM stands for Static Random Access Memory.
85. DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory.
86. Names of two search engines are Google and Yahoo.
87. CMOS stands for Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor .
88. BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System.
89. RPM stands for Rotations Per Minute.
90. The number of bytes inside a sector is fixed, it is always 512 bytes.
91. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disk Read Only memory.
92. CD-R stands for Compact Disk Recordable.
93. CD-RW stands for Compact disk Rewritable.
94. WORM stands for Write Once Read Many.
95. DVD stands for Digital Video Disk.
96. DVD-ROM stands for Digital video disk Read only memory.
97. DVD-R stands for Digital video disk recordable.
98. DVD-RW stands for Digital Video disk Rewritable.
99. USB stands for Universal Serial Bus.
100. CF stands for Compact flash card.

1. Important
objective type questions 1-50

2. Important
Objective Type Questions 51-100

3. Important
Ojective Type Questions 101-155

Important objective type questions 1-50

1. FTP stand for     file transfer protocol.
2. Lady ADA is the mother of computer.
3.    VINT CERF     is the father of Internet.
4. Nibble consists of   4   bits.
5.   Google     and   Yahoo   are the two search engines.
6. TCP/IP stands for Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol.
7. One sector on Hard Disk holds   512    bytes. 
8. Dos, window and UNIX are three operating systems.
9. Demodulation converts Analog signal into Digital signal.
10. ARPANET stands for advanced research project agency network.
11. URL stands for uniform resource locator.
12. Charles Babbage is the father of computer.
13. Lady ADA is the first computer programmer.
14. Nibble contains 04 numbers of bits.
15. Name Two Mail service mail Yahoo.com.
16. VOIP stands for Voice over internet protocol.
17. One sector holds 512 numbers of bytes.
18. Name two different Operating systems DOS and Windows.
19. The process of demodulation converts digital signal into analog signal.
20. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
21. Bit stands for Binary digits.
22. The smallest unit with which any disk can work is called Byte.
23. HTML stands for hypertext markup language.
24. Flow Chart is pictorial representation of an algorithm.
25. Rules that govern the data over Internet are called Internet protocol.
26. Pixel stands for picture element.
27. MAN stands for matropoliton area network.
28. In Ms Word, short key for changing the case of letter is shift +F3.
29. In Ms Excel, the shortcut key to insert current time is CTRL + : and for current date is CTRL + ;
30. Byte is the basic storage unit in a general-purpose computer.
31. Flow chart can be regarded as graphically representation of algorithm.
32. LASER stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
33. LCD as in LCD monitor stands for liquid crystal display. and LED stands for Light emitting Diode
34. Information can be regarded as processed data.
35. Collection of 8 bits is called a byte whereas collection of 4 bits is called   Nibble.
36. A word, in computer terminology contains     16    bits.
37. CRT as in CRT monitor stands for cathode ray tube.
38. VAN as a network stands for value added network.
39. ANSI stands for American National standards Institute.
40. Radix for Octal Number System is     8.
41. HUB is an abbreviation for _Hellenic United Backbone.
42. FAT stands for   file allocation table.
43.     Flow chart   may be considered as the graphical counterpart of an algorithm.
44. Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a particular problem.
45. (80)10 =    (1010000)₂ [ divide 80 by 2 repeatedly until quotient is zero, write down remainders from bottom to top.]
46. ASCII is an abbreviation for American standard Code for Information Interchange.
47. BCD stands for Binary coded decimal.
48. SDLC stands for system development life cycle.
49. In Ms Office Suite, the shortcut key for CLOSE ALL is   Alt + F4.
50. PCI is an abbreviation for   peripheral component Interconnect.

1. Important
objective type questions 1-50

2. Important
Objective Type Questions 51-100

3. Important
Ojective Type Questions 101-155

Weaknesses AVG Antivirus Free

Free! Yes, heard this one all would have invaded it. Not only the basic necessities shopping alone, frill 'free' in the antivirus had always been something of the most sought after. Call it the free AVG antivirus as one example.

Antivirus this one was a game many computer users. How not, its ability to provide protection against virus attacks do not need to be questioned or doubted. AVG antivirus classified into one of the best antivirus in matters dealing with various computer viruses.

Various Kinds of AVG Antivirus
At least there are three types of AVG that we can use to protect our computers from virus attacks.

- AVG Internet Security
- AVG Antivirus
- AVG Antivirus free edition

In order for your picture of the three types of antivirus is increasingly clear, here are some advantages and disadvantages of each type of the AVG antivirus.

AVG Internet Security
AVG provides maximum protection of this type on your computer in a variety of activities, both when connected to the internet or not. From the start the core protection (antivirus, anti spyware, and anti-rootkit), explore and socialize in jaringam, download and chat, to shopping and banking activities can you get from AVG internet security.

Indeed, to obtain protection sekomplit that of course there are costs you incur. Yes, to spend as little as Rp 434,000; various protections that have been mentioned above you can enjoy. A fair price for the extra protection of AVG Internet security.

AVG Antivirus
AVG offers of this type of protection similar to AVG Internet security. Protection core, exploring and socializing, as well as download and chat activity you do will be fully protected by AVG antivirus. You can freely and not have to worry about activities you do when connected to the internet will be infected by the virus.

However, it looks like you'll be anxious when they wanted malakukan shopping transactions or other banking activities. Why? Because this type of AVG does not have protection against virus attacks when you do the activity.

Lack of protection for these activities create costs were slightly below the price of AVG Internet security. Simply spend ranging from Rp 276,100; you can simply enjoy the style of AVG antivirus protection services.

AVG Antivirus Free Edition
Free edition. Yes, you certainly can already imagine what kind of protection would be provided by this type of AVG. Do not expect to get extra protection if no cost. Right. AVG this type will only give your computer a core protection and protection while you browse and socialize through the network only.

While your current protection downloaded and a chat or at the time of shopping and banking transactions in no way will you get. So, if you are using AVG free edition is, as much as possible avoid chatting or shopping online activities so that your computer is not infected by the virus.

It can not be denied, for everything that contains elements of 'free' always has its drawbacks. And it seems this statement applies also to these free AVG Antivirus.