VAGUE DEFINITIONS We will clarify

Data Communication System
For Data Communication to occur, the communicating devices must be a part of a
communication system made up of some specific kind of hardware and software
This type of a system is known as a

“DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM”

Effectiveness of Data Comm. System
Effectiveness depends upon three fundamental characteristics:

• Delivery
• Accuracy
• Timeliness (Better NEVER than LATE)

Example of the POSTAL MAIL

TODAY’S EVERGHANGING & BUSY WORLD

• Today’s fast world demands better, secure and most of all FAST ways of communication
• Gone are the days when you had to wait a couple of weeks to get a letter from USA
• Why wait ONE week when you can get the information you require in just a split of a second, using what we know by the name of “DATA COMMUNICATION”.

HOW TO ACHIEVE THIS?

• How to achieve this ACCURACY, SECURITY and SPEED for the transfer of this information?
• What HARDWARE, and the SOFTWARE is needed ?
• And, what should be the MEANS of sending this info?

ARE SOME OF TOPIC WE WILL BE EXPLORING DURING THE COURSE OF
OUR STUDY

DATA COMMUNICATION

• When we communicate , we share information
• Information can be LOCAL or REMOTE
• Between Individuals LOCAL communication occurs face to face
• REMOTE communication occurs over a long distance
• When we refer to COMPUTER SYSTEMS, Data is represented in the form of Binary Units (Bits) in the form of Zeros (0’s) and One’s (1’s)
• Also the entities can most of the times be considered to be COMPUTERS

Data Communication Definition (Modified)

Therefore , our earlier definition can easily be modified to:
“Data Communication is the exchange of data (in the form of 0’s and 1’s)
between two devices (computers) via some form of the transmission medium.”

LOCAL and REMOTE Data Communication

LOCAL
Data communication is considered to be local if the communicating devices
are present in the same building or a similarly restricted geographical area
REMOTE
Data Communication is considered remote, if the devices are farther apart.

INTRODUCTION TO DATA COMMUNICATION

DEFINITION OF DATA COMMUNICATION
“Data Communication is the exchange of Information from one entity to the other
using a Transmission Medium”.

DEFINITION OF DATA COMMUNICATION (Cont’d)
As you can clearly notice, the definition of Data Communication although Simple
leaves many questions unanswered:

• Exchange??????
• Information?????
• Entities???????
• Transmission????
• Medium????

We will try to answer all these Questions in this Course

History of Data Communication
Data communications history represents a blend of histories, including:

• The history of the telecommunications industry
• The history of data communications, and
• The history of the Internet
• Telegraph 1837 Samuel Morse

Telegraph 1837 Samuel Morse
Modern telecommunication industry began in 1837 with the invention of
the telegraph by Samuel Morse
This led to building a telecommunications infrastructure of poles and
wires as well as to the development of communication hardware and
protocols

Telephone 1876 Alexander Graham Bell
Invention of telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 and the
development of wireless communication technology by Guglielmo
Marconi in the 1890s set the stage for today’s communication industry

By 1950’s
By 1950s, telephone and telegraph companies had developed a network of
communication facilities throughout the industrialized world

1970’S
Although development of databases, languages, operating systems, and
hardware was strong from 1950s to 1970s, large-scale data communication
systems did not emerge until the 1970s.

This was stimulated by 3 major developments:

• Large-scale integration of circuits reduced cost and size of terminals and communication equipment
• New software systems that facilitated the development of data communication networks
• Competition among providers of transmission facilities reduced the cost of data circuits

Traffic Management For High-Speed Networks

Traffic Management For High-Speed Networks is written by H.T. Kung, Gordon McKay - Professor of Electrical Engineering & Comuputer Science and Harvard University. This network management book is published by National Academies Press.

Abstract
Network congestion will increase as network speed increases. New control methods are needed, especially for handling "bursty" traffic expected in very high speed networks such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. Users should have instant access to all available network bandwidth when they need it, while being assured that the chance of losing data in the presence of congestion will be negligible. At the same time, high network utilization must be achieved, and services requiting guaranteed performance must be accommodated. This paper discusses these issues and describes congestion control solutions under study at Harvard University and elsewhere. Motivations, theory, and experimental results are presented.

Following are the topics covered in this network management book.

1. Why New Control Methods Are Needed
2. Rapid Increase in Network Speeds
3. Network Congestion Problem
4. Inadequacy of Brute-Force Approach to Providing Large Buffers
5. Use of Flow Control
6. Control of Congestion for ATM Networks
7. Technical Goals of Flow Control for Supporting ATM ABR Services
8. Two Traffic Models
9. A Flood Control Principle
10. Credit-based Flow Control
11. Credit Update Protocol
12. Static vs. Adaptive Credit Control
13. Adaptive Buffer Allocation
14. Receiver-oriented Adaptive Buffer Allocation
15. Rationale for Credit-based Flow Control
16. Overallocation of Resources to Achieve High Efficiency
17. Link-by-Link Flow Control to Increase Quality of Control
18. Per-VC Queueing to Achieve a High Degree of Fairness
19. Rate-based Flow Control
20. CreditNet ATM Switch
21. Experimental Network Configurations
22. Measured Performance on CreditNet Experimental Switches
23. Summary and Concluding Remarks
24. Acknowledgments
25. References

You can download or read this book from the following link.

Read More/Download

Buy this book
Traffic Management for High-Speed Networks: Fourth Lecture International Science Lecture Se ries

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Communication Networks

By Sharam Hekmat

This book is concerned with post-computer communication networks and two of its important streams: data communication and telecommunication. Data communication refers to the communication between digital computers, facilitated by computer networks. Telecommunication refers to the primarily human-to-human communication facilitated by the global telephone system. The differences between these two streams are mainly due to historical reasons. Telecommunication is increasingly relying on digital computer technology, and data communication is relying more than ever on telecommunication networks. The two streams are rapidly converging.

Newcomers to this field are often bewildered by the substantial wealth of information already published on the subject. This book is aimed at this group of people. It provides a broad coverage of the key concepts, techniques, and terminology, so as to prepare readers for more advanced discussions. In-depth discussions of technically-involved topics are intentionally avoided in favor of more general concepts. No previous knowledge of networks or programming is assumed.

The structure of the book is as follows. Chapter 1 introduces computer networks and explains some of their elementary concepts. It also introduces the OSI reference model, upon which later chapters are based. Each of Chapters 2-8 describes one of the seven layers of the OSI model in the context of wide area data networks. Chapter 9 looks at local area networks and their applications. Chapter 10 provides an introduction to telecommunication. Chapter 11 builds on earlier chapters by examining ISDN as the merging point of data and voice networks. Chapter 12 looks at the ATM technology and the potential applications that it can support.

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