BYTE STUFFING

Sometimes the special character (i-e soh and eot) may appear in data and as a part of data
they will be misinterpreted as framing data.
The solution to this problem is Byte stuffing.

In general to distinguish between data being sent and control information such as
frame delimiters network systems arrange for the sending side to change the data slightly
before it is sent because systems usually insert data or bytes to change data for
transmission, the technique is known as Data Stuffing.
There are two types of data stuffing:
• Byte Stuffing
• Bit Stuffing
Byte stuffing refers stuffing with character oriented hardware and bit stuffing
refers to bit oriented hardware.

Byte stuffing translates each reserved byte into two unreserved bytes. For
example: it can use esc as prefix followed by x for soh, y for eot and z for eco.

The receiver then replaces each occurrence of esc x, esc y and esc z by the
corresponding single character. This is shown in figure below: