Fundamentals of Data Processing - For Test, Interview and Viva

Q.1 Define Data and Information. Differentiate between Data and Information.

DATA

Data is the collection of raw facts and figures. It is without any proper meaning.
Data may be collection of words, numbers, graphics or sounds.

Examples of Data

1) When students get admission in a college. They fill admission form. This form contains raw facts (data of student) like name, father’s name, address of student etc.
2) During census, data of all citizens is collected.

INFORMATION

Processed data is called information. When raw facts and figures are arranged in some order then they become information. Information has proper meanings. Information is useful in decision-making. Actually we process data to convert it into information.

Exapmle of Information:

1) Stored data of students can be used to print address labels of students.
2) Census data is used to get report/information about total population of a country and literacy rate etc.

Q.2 Describe types of Data.

There are followimg types of Data.
1) NUMERIC DATA:Numeric data consists of 0 to 9 digits, + and – sign and decimal point etc.
For example, 10, 78, 90.50, -56 etc
2) ALPHABETIC DATA
It consists of all alphabetic letters A to Z, a to z and blank space etc. For example, Pakistan, Ahmad, Abdul Rahim, GCC , RYK, Ahmad etc.
3) ALPHANUMERIC DATA
It consists of alphabet letters, digits and special characters like #, $, % etc.
For example, House Number 10-A, 14-August-1947, F-16 etc.
4) GRAPHIC DATA
Graphic data or image data consists of charts, graphs and images etc. For example a collection of maps of countries, a collection of family pictures etc.
5) AUDIO DATA
Audio data consists of sounds and voices. For example audio naat, radio program, radio news
VIDEO DATA:Video data consists of moving pictures. For example movie, TV dram, TV news etc.
6) MIXED DATA:Mixed data consists of combined data of two or more types. For example, TV drama consists of audio as well as video data.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION

	DATA	INFORMATION
1	Data is collection of raw facts and figures.	Information is processed data.
2	Data is not arranged.	Information is arranged.
3	Data is unorganized.	Information is organized.
4	Data is not so meaningful.	Information is Meaningful.
5	Data is input.	Information is out put.

Q.3 Define data processing and explain types of data processing.

DATA PROCESSING

Data processing is the sequence of operations performed on data to convert it into useful information. These operations may be arithmetic, statistical or logical operations. We can arrange or classify data.

TYPES OF DATA PROCESSING (OR) LEVELS OF DATA PROCESSING)

There are three types of data processing.

1) Manual data processing

In manual data processing data is processed manually. No machine or tool is used.
All the calculations on data are performed manually. This is a slow method and errors may occur..

2)Mechanical Data Processing

In mechanical data processing data is processed with calculators or other mechanical devices. This method is faster and more accurate than manual data processing.

3) Electronic data processing

It is the latest method of data processing. Data is processed with computer

Q.4 Describe how data is transformed into information. OR Explain Data Processing Cycle.

DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

After collecting data, it is processed to convert into information. The data is processed again and again until accurate result is achieved. This is called data processing cycle. Data processing cycle involves following three basic activities: 1) Input 2)Processing 3) Output

Q.5 What is the need of Data processing in business?

NEED OF DATA PROCESSING IN BUSINESS
There is no more business without information. To improve the business there is a need to improve data processing and information system. The need of data processing in business is clear. Following are the reasons:
RECORD KEEPING , ACCESSING RECORDS , COMMUNICATION, COST, SPEED, ACCURACY, REPORTS

10 Best Antivirus 2011-2012

World of information technology that has worldwide and growing rapidly rotating, but requires sophisticated computer operating system, also requires an integral protection system. The computer as a means to support IT absolute, should be complemented with a program that is able to protect hardware and software. One is an antivirus, best antivirus in particular. This article will discuss about the best antivirus.

Choosing the best antivirus, certainly not just a program for the prevention of viruses and data security alone. You need to get as much info as possible about the best antivirus that will be your choice. The most features, which are light in the sac, which is compatible with your computer and customer service certainly does not disappoint.

On the internet, a lot of reviews that are given about the different brands of the best antivirus on the market. Antivirus rank ordering is also up and down. We try to provide an overview 10 best antivirus in 2010-2011, according to the reference that we get.

But keep in mind, the order of one to ten best antivirus below, is not a ranking, but simply the serial number alone. Choice of the best antivirus in your hands. May be useful.

Best Antivirus

1. BitDefender Antivirus 2011/2012 Pro
BitDefender Antivirus 2011 Pro is manufactured by Softwin, features the most comprehensive, easy protection is designed in accordance with the wishes and really flexible. With the market price of $ 29.95, BitDefender antivirus market is very competitive in the world's best.

While this is the best antivirus has the largest consumer in the world and many are reviewing it as the best antivirus of the year. Nevertheless, BitDefender has some shortcomings, such as the use of RAM and hard drive capacity is quite large, though relatively different in every computer and operating system. Some reviews mention that BitDefender Antivirus is an antivirus software that is balanced, strong, and effective.

2. Trend Micro Titanium Antivirus + 2012
You may know him by first name and diperoduksi PC-Cillin by Trend Micro. Excellent feature is the presence of cloud security for real time protection and real time updates. Still one of the best antivirus has several drawbacks, one of them at prices which tend to be more expensive (about $ 39.95), and relatively slow in the scanning process.

3. Norton Antivirus 2012
Symantec Corporation released the latest Norton Antivirus 2011. The surplus was still on the new features that you do not find in other antiviral agents, such as autofix technology that predicts damage in the computer and fix it. Yet with the price of $ 39.99 on the market, makes Norton Antivirus appropriately referred to as the best antivirus upper middle class. Weakness still lies in the programming language that often conflict with other programs already installed on your computer.

4. Panda Antivirus Pro 2012
Panda Antivirus incorporate new features of ultrafast scans 30% faster than its predecessor version. Panda also provides other exclusive features, namely the Panda USB Vaccine protects your PC and USB drives from infection. But the price is very high, $ 50.95, making it difficult to compete Panda antivirus best to rule the world.

5. ZoneAlarm Antivirus 2011/2012
There are not many sites that review the best antivirus is, one reason, because ZoneAlarm has not been certified by independent testing laboratories three institutions, namely the Virus Bulletin, Checkmark and ICSA. ZoneAlarm is compatible with Windows 7, although many are not antivirus accordance with the operating system.

6. ESET NOD32 Antivirus
ESET NOD32 Antivirus is produced by ESET. The best antivirus is the fourth version. ESET proactively detects and disables viruses, trojans, worms, adware, spyware, phishing, and rootkits. ESET NOD32 also has a sophisticated scanning and access control for portable media. Antivirus best price is $ 39.99.

7. Kaspersky Antivirus 2011/2012
Kaspersky Anti-Virus protects your computer against unknown threats and unknown, and unwanted data. The best antivirus monitors system activities by user applications, thus preventing dangerous actions. Kaspersky won silver in capturing consumers in the antivirus world, despite the best antivirus is priced at $ 59.95.

8. Avira AntiVir 2011/2012
Avira excess lies in the price in a friendly and comprehensive protection. With a price of $ 26.95, the best antivirus Avira antivirus firm in the world's best competition. Nevertheless, one of which is its Advanced Heuristic Analysis and Detection (Ahead) Technology is sometimes overprotective, and considers some of the programs that we have as malware and considered dangerous.

9. AVG Antivirus
The price is $ 34.99. AVG Anti-Virus 2011 has two advantages of the LinkScanner and Social Networking Protection. Almost the same with Avira, AVG is very overprotective sometimes of course they do not know, and is considered a virus or malware. AVG continues to be a good choice to get the best antivirus, but not the best ever.

10. Avast Antivirus Pro 6
Avast! Pro currently has the latest features, such as browsing the sandbox and advanced heuristic detection, and its sleek design. The price is $ 39.95. Unfortunately, the best antivirus is missing some features, such as antiphishing which can be found in other antivirus programs.

Best Antivirus - Antivirus SmadAV Best Local
Samdav is one of the best antivirus locally because it has good performance. In addition, programernya also still active and continue to do development on one of the best antivirus is, especially updates of virus variants new local. Here is a review of the local antivirus SmadAV, one of the best antivirus.

In Rev. 8, the best antivirus has been refined to a much faster and lighter when it detects and secure computers from virus threats in Indonesia. The new features are added in SmadAV, one of the best antivirus, the Smad-Turbo (scanning ten times faster), Smad-Theme (change the color theme), and Smad-Ray (auto scan flash is very fast). One of the best antivirus database is also adding the introduction of many new viruses spread in Indonesia.

Computer Networks - Test Interview Viva Voce

Q1. Define Network with example. Give importance of computer network.

 

COMPUTER NETWORK
A computer network is a set of two or more computers connected together to share information and other resources. The computers in a network can share:

1. Data, information  and Files
   
2. Resources (printers, Cd-Rom Drives, DVD- Rom Drives, CD- Writers, hard disk, modems)
   
3. Programs / software
   

EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER NETWORK

1. 
   Computer network can be used in an organization's office. Different employees and managers in the office and organization can share common information.
   
2. 
   Internet, is also an example of a computer network. Internet is a network of millions of computers connected through phone lines. People can share information, files and talk with one another through internet.
   
3. 
   Internet cafe also uses computer network for internet sharing on all computers.
   
4. 
   A Computer laboratory in a school or college may use local area network for sharing data and other reources like printers, Cd-Rom drives or hard disks etc.
   

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

Following are some important advantages of computer networks:

1. 
   Information Sharing
   Data and information can be shared by many users.
   

   Hardware Sharing

2. Hardware Resources like printer, scanner, CD-ROM drive and hard disk can also be shared.
   
3. Money Saving
   We can save a lot of money by using the same software and hardware in a network.
   
4. Easy and Fast Communication
   We can send and receive emails and share files with other people in the company or in any part of the world through network or internet.
   

Q2. Explain different types of computer networks: (LAN,WAN,MAN).

Main types of computer networks are: 1. LAN - Local-Area Network 2. WAN - Wide-Area Network 3. MAN - Metropolitan-Area Network

LAN (Local Area Network)

LAN stands for Local Area Network. It covers a small area. Most LANs are used to connect computers in a single building or group of buildings. Examples: Following are two examples of LAN: • LAN is used in a computer lab to connect computers. The students can share software, files and data in the lab. • In Internet cafe, many computers can be connected through LAN. These computers can share single connection of Internet.

2)WAN (Wide Area Network)

WAN stands for wide area network. It covers a large area. WAN connects computers in different cities, countries and continents. Computers in WAN are often connected through telephone lines. The largest WAN is the Internet. Examples of WAN • In air ticketing system like PIA, many offices can be joined together using WAN. A person can get a ticket from any office in the country. • A bank with many branches in different cities can connect its branches through WAN. The customer can use his account from any branch.

3)MAN (Metropolitan-Area Network)

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that covers an area of the size of a city. Example: Mobile phones systems often use MAN.

Q3. Differentiate between LAN and WAN.

The differences between LAN and WAN is as follows:

LAN		WAN
1.	LAN is used to connect computers at one place.		WAN is used to connect computers anywhere in the world.
2.	LAN covers limited area.		WAN can cover more area.
3.	Data transfer speed is very fast in LAN.		Data transfer speed is slow in WAN.

Antivirus For Mobile

Most of the viruses that gain entry would disrupt the performance of mobile phones pet. Starting from disturbing the performance of software in mobile phone operating system to damage the phone. Mobile is already infected with the virus usually will often hang or even restart constantly.

Mobile Antivirus
Annoyed? So, definitely. Therefore, prior to your mobile phone contract, you should install antivirus for mobile phones as an antidote. Here are some antivirus for mobile phone Samsung, Sony Erickson, Nokia and your pet can be installed as a deterrent and the best virus killer.

1. NetQin Mobile Antivirus
2. F-Commwarrior 2.0
3. AVG beta
4. Airscanner Mobile Antivirus v2.0
5. Mobile-22139-freeware
6. ExoVirusStop
7. Mobile Security Pack 2
8. BullGuard Mobile Antivirus 2.0
9. Kaspersky Mobile Security
10. ESET® Mobile Antivirus

Smartphone Antivirus
So, how to android and blackberry smart phone? Is there a good antivirus? Do not worry for both types of smartphones even then there are some tough that you can antivurus buried, among them are as follows.

1. Comodo Endpoint Security Manager 1.5
2. eScan AntiVirus Edition 9.0.824.205
3. Panda Cloud Antivirus 0.08.82
4. Norton AntiVirus 2004 Professional
5. Acronis Antivirus 2010

Well, some antivirus mentioned above is the best antivirus for your favorite phone. Choose one of the easiest you apply. Try to only install one antivirus your mobile phone so that performance remains stable and does not become slow. Come on, plug your phone with antivirus before contracting the virus.

Kaspersky, Antivirus Most Good At It

There is know best antivirus for computers? This question is always thrown in every couple of friends who are complaining about the attacks the virus to their computers or laptops. Actually if you talk to most good antivirus then this is relative. There are advantages or disadvantages.

The developers of antivirus companies will certainly continue to work up to develop what they already do, which makes antivirus is able to remove and prevent a virus evolves in a computer system. Usually antivirus is indeed a target of the user's laptop or computer to make all of their devices and their operating systems can be spared from virus attacks. Current best antivirus kaspersky.
Early appearance of kaspersky initiated by two people from Russia in 1997. Initially they offered an antidote antivirus software, even anti-spam, and anti-spyware. And the development kaspersky antivirus emerged as one of the good and sought after by the people or companies who use the security system on a computer or laptop.

Kaspersky products that share some sections devoted to various specific criteria. For example, kaspersky internet security remedy. Then, kaspersky designed for the protection of truly capable of cleaning anything from a virus attack. Kaspersky that is claimed to be able to protect every activity that we do online.

This of course is slightly different than that for the protection kaspersky internet. In isitilahnya, kaspersky named puree. Kaspersky puree is able to protect against spam or spyware without having to disturb our activity while performing activities in cyberspace. Kaspersky is also capable mengindarkan dikalim us from attack by hackers.

Kaspersky puree is also able to protect all things digital. Password protect data, even to a virtual keyboard that can keep us safe in the activities in cyberspace. Kaspersky puree is also able to check the downloaded data, and perform system backups safely.

The other thing it does is able to secure data in the form of photos, videos, music, writing even though the data is already virus. This data can be restored without the virus. Because in fact some other antivirus usually directly eliminate a data when a virus is detected, but not with kaspersky.

With a wide range of variables offers protection against computer or laptop here's the kaspersky is arguably one of the best antivirus is capable of complete computer security. Unfortunately such is not Kasperksy or free software applications that we can download for granted.

Kaspersky can only be obtained for free trials, with a certain time frame. If we want to get it legally, and continuing to protect our computer or laptop then, there are several variants kaspersky price offered for each type of product.

For example kaspersky internet and computer or laptop with a particular operating system Mac priced around 59 dollars. As for kaspersky puree around 99 dollars. Everything can we laukan by way of online shopping.

Interested to try Kaspersky as the best antivirus in your computer or laptop devices?


Download Kaspersky

Download NetQin Antivirus for Symbian S60

tags: netqin antivirus, netqin antivirus for symbian s60, protection your symbian s60
NetQin antivirus is a antivirus software in the world that has been widely used. Many benefits are obtained when we decided to use NetQin antivirus.

Advantages NetQin Antivirus: NetQin antivirus is already believed to be the best antivirus. Most also believe with this antivirus. There are so many benefits we get from owning and using this antivirus. NetQin antivirus advantage that:

- Fast scanning of documents NetQin mobile antivirus software

- Core engine of the original virus cores to do.

- TEAP time and accurate real time monitoring to detect and block viruses and other security threats.

- NetQin time online updates keep updated version of the virus database for mobile phones to provide timely protection.

How, if you are interested in this antivirus. Very suitable for your Symbian S60. If you are interested to download this antivirus you can follow the link below.

http://netqin-antivirus.en.softonic.com/symbian

Protect Your Smartphone Data Now

tags: How to protect smartphone, protect smartphone data, smartphone, smartphone data
Maybe some people do not mind this. But, for businessman, they matter. Because a businessman has valuable data that must be protected. If a smartphone is lost then it must replace the lost smartphones in addition to shelling out. And also will lose data businessman existing contacts, schedules and agendas, passwords, and many more other things.

Smartphones are lost and fall into the wrong hands. Then it could have all the information businessman be forgotten and also cashed in and can take businessman the property. So for you guys who are very valuable to have data on a smartphone, then the necessity of protecting its on your smartphone.

How to protect valuable data on your smartphone
Kaspersky already widely available in windows mobile and symbian phones and succeeded in locking phones that have been stolen, preventing thieves make calls or access data. Also, it can help you track down the handset, remove the phone's data, and notify you if someone is replacing the SIM card.

If you are interested can download it below for protect your smartphone data:

Download Kaspersky Mobile Security for Symbian and Windows Mobile

Prevent Viruses with Panda Antivirus

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Ease of use of the Internet makes the virus vulnerable to attack your PC or laptop. This happens because the virus is spreading so easy to perform an action on any Internet user. Whether through emails, websites. In fact, certain ads that intentionally or unintentionally you click.

Within seconds, the virus also infects your computer or laptop. To anticipate this, Panda Antivir answer. Panda Antivirus you can use to prevent the virus from entering and attacking the files. In fact, computer hardware or your laptop.

How it Works
Panda antivirus protects your computer or laptop from viruses proactively. He will detect viruses that enter quickly on the spot. Thus, the virus will not have time to infect your computer or laptop. In fact, damaging files or data that is in it.

Thus, its function is more on protection or prevention. That way, of course, can make you more secure using the internet in your everyday life. Easy to use, both in companies and for home.

Most of the antivirus software that currently works to eradicate the virus that had already entered. It detects when a virus has been attacked so large there may be files or data that are already infected.

By preventing viral entry, meaning that makes the virus will not be able to attack before the attack has been exterminated since by this Panda Antivirus. Is not it always better to prevent than cure? It became one of the tricks are executed in the workings of this antivirus.

Usefulness
Panda Antivirus eliminates your worries to attack the virus. In addition to viruses, Panda Antivirus protects you from spyware, which threaten the loss of important data on your computer.

Panda Antivirus also provides protection from root kits, which can control your computer in full. The hackers would not be able to break into your computer's security system. In fact, you are safe from fraud via the internet.

With this antivirus, you can malakukan chat, share photos or videos with colleagues, browse to your favorite websites, download your favorite video or music, do some shopping on the internet with an online transaction. Even doing internet banking access calmly. Everything you can do without fear or feeling unsafe.

Excellence

1. Safer and More Protect
Based so that collective intelligence with real time access can detect viruses instantly through information obtained from the use of the Internet network.

2. Simpler and Faster
The software is simpler, but can detect the virus more quickly because of its simplicity it. Therefore, Panda Antivirus can detect the virus more quickly than other antivirus software.

3. More Complete
Panda Antivirus is not just a simple virus, it already is a complete unit that was created to find and eradicate the virus entered early.

Home: http://www.pandasecurity.com

Latest Avast, Still Remain Free Download

You want to protect documents or files or computer programs from viruses, spyware, and malware, but do not have the budget to buy a paid antivirus, download free antivirus is one accurate solution. Some antivirus can still be obtained free version is Avira, AVG, and Avast.

Especially for Avast Antivirus, Avast latest version is 6. This version replaces Avast Home Edition 4.8, released in 2009. Avast Antivirus is so popular in 2009 and Avast have to spend more than 130 million registration key (registration key) to record the ownership of Avast Home Edition is quite phenomenal in that year.

In contrast to Avast Home Edition 4.8, the latest version of Avast does not require a registration key which must be owned by Avast Home Edition. Avast Free Antivirus version 6 is almost the same as AVG free antivirus (http://free.avg.com/id-id/homepage) and Avira free antivirus (free-av.com).

Both provide a free versions of antivirus and each their own. Simply download the file free antivirus on each site, your computer will be protected from viruses that can be detected by the antivirus.

Comparison with Avast Avast Free Paid

Each product is offered for free definitely has its drawbacks. Avast Free Antivirus only provides protection against viruses and update virus database every day.

In contrast to Avast Antivirus Pro which features the Sandbox so you can surf the cyberspace safely. Avast Antivirus Pro is marketed with a one year license for $ 34.95.

For Avast Internet Security that has a full-featured, including Avast Sandbox, the protection of personal data and protection against email is offered at a price of $ 49.95 a one-year license.


Download AVAST

Beware Computer Virus!

Beware of computer virus. Yes, for computer users, certainly very familiar with the term this one "computer virus". Computer viruses are named the same as the "virus" because it works the same way as viruses, that is destructive. One more term is a virus that causes the growth is the way that can replicate themselves.

A computer virus has been able to replicate itself into many. in large numbers, the computer virus began to attack computer systems, such as software and hardware systems. In effect, your computer will experience the "error" could even die of this virus-induced total.

Know Your Computer Virus

The history of the emergence of computer viruses in conjunction with a computer program, especially when Windows is developed. Is the virus appear out of nowhere, of course not. A computer virus arises because there are certain people who want to spoil the Windows data.

Functions vary, there is to hack a computer, weakening sales of Windows and most major antivirus is to increase sales. The advent of Windows programs and the increasingly widespread use of computer effects, namely the intentions of other intelligent people to create programs that can damage the Windows software.

Destructive program that was created antidotnya called antivirus. However, in line with the growth of antivirus, of course, are increasingly sophisticated computer viruses. This time the virus makers competing to make the virus difficult to kill with antivirus, the goal of any variety, for sure they just want to show off because it could make someone else's computer is damaged and they lost data.

Until the start of the Local International

Computer viruses are a wide variety, no Botox Virus, Virus Trojan Horse virus, and others. Overall damage. There are also viruses that can replicate itself, like a Trojan. There is a virus whose function is to hide files. There are viruses that incriminating contents of the hard drive suddenly so full and so forth.

In addition, there are also local virus whose contents vary, no virus "I love u" if exposed to this virus, the file we will be accompanied by written words I love u. If the local virus is usually created by local crackers, the goal of course makes the antivirus from the outside can not do nothing but also to crack people's computers.

Therefore, the Indonesian side also makes an antivirus for the virus locally, ie antivirus and PC Media ansav. To protect our computer is recommended to use two antivirus, the local and international, in case the outer artificial antivirus can not kill the local viruses, and antivirus is not able to eradicate locally made out of artificial virus.

Ad Aware, Like New Antivirus

A variety of new antiviral made ​​by developers to facilitate the consumers to face attacks from viruses. Antivirus antivirus that has made ​​it extremely popular for some people. In fact, there are some computer or laptop users who do not know the existence of a new antivirus.

Ad aware, that's the name of this virus. An antiviral that may be unpopular for some people. However, antivirus is actually already started its development from 1999. And because of that, the antivirus is even often considered as a new antivirus.

Ad aware is able to protect a device or laptop computer from malware attacks or spyware as well. Ad aware is developed by a software device called Lavasoft. Additionally Ad aware device is also capable of protecting a computer from the latest trojan virus attack even once.

Ad aware antivirus is sharing some of its products to several parts of the group. The first is protection for the virus attack that uses a computer or laptop from home. Protection of Ad aware is able to avoid viruses attack when we do transactions Internet from home.

Ad aware will provide a good warranty protection if we want to use Ad aware as a form of protection and security of our computer or laptop by using ad aware antivirus actually licensed.

Next, Ad aware also provides security services that include protection of important data business and a business activity that involves business or small business to large. Not to forget for the protection of entertainment, Ad aware also provide extra protection, especially that form of entertainment games.

It is developed by the Ad aware after research, that most of the gamers using Ad aware as a form of protection against viruses. Ad aware is also able to deliver results that make us comfortable while playing the game. The point is Ad aware does not make the performance of our computer or laptop to be slow when performing the operation of protection from virus attacks while playing the game.

But unfortunately, not all antivirus Ad aware is a free program that can be obtained just like that. For the protection of a truly comprehensive, Ad aware offers a variety of forms of protection and the price is varied.

Ad aware are able to provide total security protection overall worth 60 dollars and 70 dollars. Ad aware protection for the game, sold for 25 dollars. Ad aware is able to protect pc devices that are active online and backing up data is not lost to the dollar appreciated 49.

Even so, no one seemed to try the software that it sounds like to us this new antivirus. Currently, Ad aware as new antivirus has reached version 9, the first version of their Ad 1:05 aware that has been released since 2004.


Download Ad Aware

Computer Internet Test Interview Viva Voce

Q.1 What is internet?

            Internet is the network of networks around the world. It is made up of thousands of smaller networksInternet provides following main facilities:  ·  E- mail                    ·   Chat           ·Searching  jobs    ·       Advertising for business            ·E-commerce     ·Searching information

Q.2 Define :WWW, ISP, WEB PAGE, WEB SITE, WEB SERVER, WEB BROWSER

WWW stands for World Wide Web. It is also called web. It is the collection of all connected web documents stored on different web servers. WWW has many advantages:

· finding a job    ·      searching information ·          e-commerce · education

· advertisement for business   ·         weather forecast  ·     entertainment

ISP stands for internet service provider. It is a company that provides internet connections to users. For example WOL net, PAK net, CYBER net etc. are ISPs.

WEB PAGE:      A document created by HTML and found on web is a web page. A web page contains information in the form of text, pictures, audio and video clips.

WEB SITE:       A collection of related and interlinked web pages is called a web site. A web site may have many pages. Each web site has a unique address called URL. For example URL of Baha-ud-din Zakaria University is www.bzu.edu.pk.

WEB SERVER:Web documents are stored on special and powerful computers called WEB SERVERS. They provide requested information in the form of web page.

WEB BROWSER

            A browser is software that is used to view web pages on internet. Many web browsers are available. But Internet explorer and Netscape navigator are the most popular. Q.3 Write notes on the following:

            INTERNET PROTOCOL, URL, DOMAIN NAME, E-MAIL, E-MAIL ADDRESS

INTERNET PROTOCOL

Internet protocol is the set of rules and procedures used for communication on internet. Commonly used protocols are as following:

·                TCP/IP  It stands for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. It is used to exchange information between web servers and browsers.

·  FTP stands for file transfer protocol. It is used to transfer files on internet easily and quickly.

·                HTTP  It stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It is used to exchange web pages between web servers and browsers

URL

It stands for uniform resource locator. It is the web address of a web page or a file on internet. For example:

http://www.bzu.edu.pk

DOMAIN NAME

Domain name is a unique name given to a website. This name is linked to a web server where the website is stored. Internet users access your website using your domain name.

A domain name has two or more parts separated by dots, for example:

www.savings.gov.pk

Domain names consist of a top-level domain [TLD](such as .com, .org, and .net) .

E-MAIL:            E-mail stands for electronic mail. Email is an electronic message sent or received through internet. We send our textual messages by email from country to country.

E-MAIL ADDRESS

            E-mail address is a string that identifies a user so that the user can receive Internet e-mail. E-mail address is unique for every user. General format of an email address is as following:

User ID@Email service provider , for example,

m8@wol.net.pk,mahmoodalam786@yahoo.com ,mahmoodalam786@hotmail.com,

Q.4 Write notes on the following:

            FTP, BANDWIDTH, IP ADDRESS, HTML

FTP

            FTP stands for file transfer protocol. It is used to transfer files on internet easily and quickly

BANDWIDTH

            The data transfer capacity, or speed of transmission, of a digital communications system is called BANDWIDTH.

IP ADDRESS

It is a short for Internet Protocol address. This address is a unique string of numbers that identifies a computer connected to Internet

HTML

It stands for HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE. It is the language to create and format web pages.

Q.5 What is a search engine, how you can search information on internet?

SEARCH ENGINE

            Internet contains very large amount of information. So it becomes difficult to search some information on internet. To find required information easily and quickly, Search Engine is provided by many websites. Following is a list of popular search engines:

1.         GOOGLE

Google is the most popular search engine. Its address is www.google.com.

2.         YAHOO

It is also a popular search engine. Its address is www.yahoo.com.

3.         ALTAVISTA

Its web address is www.altavista.com.

Q.6 What are ISP EMAIL ACCOUNT (POP3) AND FREE WEB SERVER

EMAIL ACCOUNT? OR Explain different types of email accounts.

There two main types of email accounts:

1) ISP email account   or POP3 email account

ISP or POP3 email account is provided by an ISP. It is generally requires email software like MS outlook express.

2) Web-based Email Account

            On the other hand, there are also many organizations on internet that provide free web based email accounts. These are also called free web server email accounts, for example www.yahoo.com, www.hotmail.com, www.gmail.com

Q.7 What is the difference between ISP MAIL ACCOUNT AND FREE WEB SERVER EMAIL ACCOUNT?

Sr.No.	Web based(free)	Pop3 (ISP)
1	It is provided by companies like yahoo and Hotmail	It is provided by different ISPs like Paknet, Wolnet etc
2	It is totally free	It is not freely available by ISP

Q.8 What are the services provided by internet?

SERVICES PROVIDED BY INTERNET     1.        THE WORLD WIDE WEB    2.    E-MAIL   3.       EMAIL DISCUSSION GROUPS  4.     NEWSGROUPS    5.      ECOMMERCE  6.           FTP    7.           chat

Q.9 What are the advantages and disadvantages of internet?

ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET

Following are the main advantages of internet:

1.   THE WORLD WIDE WEB

This is also called web or www or 3w. The collection of all web pages in all web sites on internet is called www. These web pages provide us information.

2.   E-MAIL:E-mail stands for electronic mail. It is the most popular, cheap, easy and fastest mailing service. We can send and receive messages on internet with in seconds.

3.   NEWSGROUPS:Newsgroups are discussion groups on internet. They are used for free exchange of information.

4.   MAILING LISTS:Mailing lists provide information to the users on the selected topics through email. Mailing lists are maintained by different companies.

5.   ONLINE BANKING

Several banks are online now. So we can manage our bank accounts on internet. Due to online banking, money is transferred from one city or country to another within seconds or minutes.

DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET

1. HACKING

Hackers access the important information and programs and may destroy it. Hackers try to get password of internet users and then access important information.

2. COMPUTER VIRUS

Computer virus is a program developed for some destructive purpose. Computer virus can destroy your data or software. Virus enters into your computer by internet, floppy disc, CD or USB flash memory drive. Antivirus software like Norton Antivirus and  Mcafee  Antivirus are used to find and remove virus.

3. WASTAGE OF TIME

There are so many interesting facilities on internet. So people use internet for several hours. In this way valuable time is wasted.

Q.10 What is a web browser?

Web browser is software that is used to access information available on internet. It is used to view web pages. The most popular web browsers are Microsoft internet explorer and Firefox

Q.11 Write down notes on the following:   1) Downloading 2) Uploading

Downloading is to receive data from a remote system, such as a website, FTP server, or other similar systems. We can download data in the form of files from internet. Uploading means to  send data from our computer to a remote system such as web site on internet.

Computer Software VIVA

Q1. Define software. Explain different types of software.

Software is a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. Examples of software are: MS Word, MS EXCEL, MS POWER POINT, WinZip, Norton Anti Virus, MSN Messenger, MS Windows, DOS, Unix

Q2. Explain different types of software.

The main types of software are system software and application software.

1. System Software

System software is a set of programs to implement certain functions in a computer system. It controls the operations and components of a computer system.

Examples of system software are as follows:

•   Operating Systems:Operating system is a software to control overall operations and components of a computer system. e.g., Windows, Unix, Linux and Dos etc.

•   Utility Programs:Utility program is used to solve a particular problem of software or hardware, for example, Antivirus program, disk scanner and File Viewer etc.

•   Device Drivers:device drier is a software that permits a computer system to communicate with a device. e.g., device driver software for a modem.

2. Application Software

Application software is a program needed to perform various applications on the computer by the user. It helps a computer user to solve specific problems.

Examples of application software are as follows:

i. Word Processing

Word processing software is used to produce letters, applications and other documents, for example MS Word.

ii. Spreadsheets

Spreadsheet program is used for calculations for example MS Excel.

iii. Databases

Database software is used to record data of an organization on computer. MS Access and Oracle are examples of database software.

iv. Graphics

Graphics software is used to produce advertisements, posters etc. for example CorelDraw and Photoshop.

v. Communication

Communications software is used to communicate with different people using Internet, e.g., MSN Messenger, yahoo messenger and Internet Explorer.

Q3. Differentiate between system software and application software

Difference between System & Application Software

System Software	Application Software
1. It is a set of programs to control computer operations and components	1. It is set of programs used to solve particular problems of user.
2.  It is general-purpose software.	2. It is specific purpose software.
4. Examples are: Windows, Dos, Unix, Linux, Norton Antivirus etc.	4. Examples are: MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power point etc.

Q4. What is an Operating System?

Operating System

An operating system is a set of programs that manages all computer components and operations. Without Operating System, a computer cannot do anything. Operating system acts as an interface between a user and computer hardware. Some popular operating systems are DOS, windows, Unix

Q5. Explain Functions of operating system

Functions of Operating System

1. Process Management    2.    Main Memory Management  3.            Secondary Storage Management

4.                  I/O System management    6. File Management     7.      Protection System  8.         Networking

Q6. What is a User Interface? Explain different types of user interface

User Interface is the set of items on screen to interact with the computer. A user interacts and uses computer with the help of these items. For example, Windows Desktop is an example of user interface. Similarly Dos Prompt is also an example of user interface.

There are two main types of user interface:

1)                   Graphical User Interface

Graphical user interface or GUI provides different graphical items like windows, menus, tool bars and icons etc. All versions of Windows, Macintosh, OS/2 and some versions of Unix and Linux provide GUI.

Advantages of GUI:              a) Easy to learn   b) Easy to use    c) Use of mouse    d) Less typing

2)         Command line user interface (CLI)

 A command-line interface provides a place where user types commands for execution. CLI interface is difficult to learn and use. We have to memorize commands. Dos and some versions of Unix and Linux provide command-line interface.

Q7. Define Program and Programming Language

A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do is called program.

A set of words, symbols and codes used to write programs is called programming language.

Q8. Explain different Types of Programming Languages.

There are two main types of computer programming languages.

·        low-level languages

·        high-level languages.

Low Level Languages

These languages are near to computer hardware and far from human languages. Computer can understand these languages easily. Following are two low-level languages:

•     Machine Language      •     Assembly Language

  Machine Language

A computer language in which instructions are written in binary form(0 and 1) is called machine language.

Assembly Language

a)      Assembly language is a low-level language. In assembly language, symbols are used instead of binary code. These symbols are easy to remember.

 High Level Languages

A type of language that is close to human languages is called high level language. High-level languages are easy to understand. Instructions of these languages are written in English-like words e.g. Print, Display, Write etc.

Advantages:

a) Easy to learn and understand    b) Easy to modify    c) Easy to remove errors

Q9. Define Language processor or Translator. Explain different types of Language processors.

Language Processors / Translator

Computer understands only machine language. A program written in high-level or assembly language cannot be run on a computer directly. It is converted into machine language. Language processor or translator is software that converts source programs into machine language(object program). Different types of language processors are: •     Compilers   •     Interpreters     •     Assemblers

Compiler: A compiler is a program that converts the source program into machine language as a whole. A program written in high-level language is called source program. A program in machine language is called Object program.

Interpreter:An interpreter is a program that converts one statement of a program into machine code at one time.

Assembler:An assembler is a translating program that translates the instructions of a program written in assembly language into machine language.

Q10. Differentiate between: Software & Hardware, Source & Object Program, Low-level & High-level Language, DOS and Windows,

Difference between Software & Hardware

Software		Hardware
1.	Software is a set of instructions that tell a computer  what to do	1.	The physical parts of the computer are called hardware
2.	Computer is useless without software.	2	Software cannot run without hardware.
3.	We cannot touch the software.	3	We can touch the hardware.
4.	Hardware is useless without software.	4	Software is useless without hardware.

Difference between Source & Object Program

Source Code	Object Code
1.    Source code is written in high-level or assembly language.	1.	Object   code   is   in   machine language
2.    Source code is easy to understand.	2	Object code is difficult to understand

Difference between Low-level & High-level Language

High-level Language	Low-level Language
1.   High-level languages are easy to learn	1. Low-level languages are difficult to learn.
2.   High-level languages are near to human languages.	2, Low-level languages are far from human languages.

Difference between DOS and Windows

Windows		DOS
1.	It is graphical operating system.	1.	command-line operating system.
2.	It is easy to learn.	2.	difficult to learn.
3.	It supports multi- tasking.	3.	supports single-tasking.